报告 | 2016年世界互联网发展乌镇报告（中英文对照版—上）
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11月18日，第三届世界互联网大会在乌镇闭幕，《 2016年世界互联网发展乌镇报告》发布。报告发布对于全球互联网发展和治理工作具有重要参考价值。
今日，CGi为各位读者带来“乌镇报告”的中英文对照版！
目 录
Contents
序 言
Preface
一、互联网进一步普及，推动弥合数字鸿沟
I. The Internet is more accessible, helping bridge the digital divide.
二、网络文化繁荣发展，交流互鉴不断深化
II. Culture diversity on Internet thrives, and communication and exchanges continue to deepen.
三、数字经济持续发展，各方共享数字红利
III. The digital economy continues to expand, all parties share digital dividends.
四、网络安全问题凸显，国际社会积极应对
IV. Cybersecurity has emerged as a major challenge and the international community actively responds to it.
五、网络空间国际治理进展积极，新成果令人期待
V. International governance of the cyberspace makes progress, new developments are expected.
展望未来
Looking ahead
序言
Preface
当前，人类社会进入信息革命时期，以互联网为代表的信息技术日新月异，引领了社会生产新变革，创造了人类生活新空间，拓展了治理新领域，极大提高了人类认识世界、改造世界的能力。世界因互联网而更多彩，生活因互联网而更丰富。构建和平、安全、开放、合作的网络空间，让互联网更好造福世界、造福人类成为人们的共同意愿。
Currently, mankind has entered the era of information revolution. Information technologies represented by the Internet have advanced rapidly, giving rise to new changes in means and methods of production, creating new space for humans, expanding governance into new areas and tremendously improving the human ability to explore and change the world. Thanks to the Internet, the world has become more plentiful and life more colorful. People from all over the world share a common desire to foster a peaceful, secure, open and cooperative cyberspace, in order to maximize the Internet’s benefits to humanity and the world.
2015年12月16日至18日，第二届世界互联网大会在中国乌镇召开，来自全球120多个国家和地区的政府代表，国际组织负责人，互联网企业领军人物，专家学者等2000多名嘉宾出席大会，共商世界互联网发展大计。中国国家主席习近平在开幕式上提出，推进全球互联网治理体系变革“四项原则”和构建网络空间命运共同体“五点主张”；巴基斯坦总统侯赛因、俄罗斯总理梅德韦杰夫、哈萨克斯坦总理马西莫夫、吉尔吉斯斯坦总理萨里耶夫、塔吉克斯坦总理拉苏尔佐达、乌兹别克斯坦第一副总理阿济莫夫、联合国副秘书长吴红波、国际电信联盟秘书长赵厚麟等500多位嘉宾发表意见，就全球互联网建设、发展和治理进行了深入探讨。经大会高级别专家咨询委员会提议发表的《乌镇倡议》，提出国际社会应关注互联网建设和普及，促进文化的多样性与繁荣，推进数字经济发展和普惠数字红利，保障网络空间的安全，以及推动全球互联网治理等观点。
The 2nd World Internet Conference (Wuzhen Summit) was held in Wuzhen, China on Dec.16-18, 2015. The Conference got together over 2,000 government representatives, international organization officials, leading Internet entrepreneurs, scholars and experts from over 120 countries and regions to discuss avenues and paths of the global Internet development. In his keynote address at the opening ceremony, President Xi Jinping proposed four principles to promote the transformation of the global Internet governance system, and five proposals to jointly build a community of common destiny in cyberspace. More than 500 distinguished guests, including Pakistani President Hussain, Russian Prime Minister Medvedev, Kazakhstan’s Prime Minister Massimov, Kyrgyz Prime Minister Sariyev, Tajikistan’s Prime Minister Rasulzoda, Uzbekistan’s First Deputy Prime Minister Azimov, UN Under-Secretary-General Wu Hongbo, and ITU Secretary-General Houlin Zhao, shared their perspectives on building, development and governance of the global Internet. The Wuzhen Summit has also inaugurated the High-Level Advisory Council of the World Internet Conference Organizing Committee. The WIC Organizing Committee proposed the Wuzhen Initiative, which called on the international community, among other things, to promote advancement and accessibility of the Internet, foster diverse and conducive cultural development, boost a further expansion of the digital economy and share digital dividends, and ensure secure cyberspace and improve its global governance.
一年来，《乌镇倡议》得到全球社会广泛关注，全球互联网基础设施建设进展显著，数字经济发展方兴未艾，各国网络文化交流互鉴成果丰硕。互联网在持续改变人类社会同时，自身也在发生着变化。人工智能、电子商务、物联网、大数据、移动通信等技术快速发展，应用日益广泛；网络金融、共享经济、工业4.0等正成为各个国家经济复苏的新引擎；互联网作为有史以来最为强大的信息平台正在发挥着集聚和共享人类智慧、资源和能力的重要作用。
In the past year, the Wuzhen Initiative has earned worldwide recognition. The expansion of the Internet infrastructure has progressed significantly, the digital economy is booming, and cross-country cultural exchanges and communication through the Internet benefited many. It would be fair to say that while undergoing the changes, the Internet changes the world. Artificial intelligence, e-commerce, the Internet of Things, Big Data, mobile communication and other emerging technologies have developed rapidly and become ubiquitous. Online finance, the sharing economy and Industry 4.0 formed drivers for many nations’ economic development. As the most powerful information platform in history, the Internet has played a significant role in pooling together human wisdom, resources and capabilities and making them globally available.
然而，数字鸿沟从网络基础设施扩展到数字利用与素养上的能力差异，大规模的数据泄露令人担忧，对公共基础设施的网络攻击不断，用户隐私及儿童和青少年上网保护不足，新型网络犯罪、网络恐怖主义等日趋严峻，全球互联网发展不平衡、规则不健全、秩序不合理等问题依然存在，互联网发展与治理仍然面临复杂问题和严峻挑战。
With all the positive developments, however, the digital divide has widened in different areas, including the availability of the information infrastructures and the ability to employ digital technologies in everyday life. With much information accessible online, large-scale data leaks are causing many concerns. With powerful devices and broadband and mobile Internet available at record-low fees, cyberattacks against public and corporate infrastructure are on the rise and privacy of all and of the young generation remains exposed to numerous online threats. New types of cybercrime and cyberterrorism become more challenging and sophisticated. Those are the signs of the world still experiencing unbalanced development, and incomplete rules and order. The Internet’s development and governance is still facing a number of complex and grave challenges.
值得欣慰的是，2016年我们看到了国际社会的共同努力。完成10年回顾的信息社会世界峰会（WSIS）进入新的发展阶段；联合国互联网治理论坛（IGF）开启第二个十年进程；G20杭州峰会通过了《数字经济发展与合作倡议》；联合国信息安全政府专家组（UNGGE）确认，包括国家主权原则在内的《联合国宪章》等国际法准则适用于网络空间；互联网数字分配机构（IANA）职能移交顺利完成，互联网名称与数字地址分配机构（ICANN）改革取得进展。这为各方在网络时代提供了可预期、确定性的保障，为各国携手构建网络空间命运共同体做出积极贡献。
The international community hasundertakencollectively a number of important coordinated and concerted efforts. The World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) has completed its “WSIS+10” review, entering a new stage of development. The Internet Governance Forum (IGF) has entered its second 10-year term. The G20 Hangzhou Summit put forward the G20 Digital Economy Development and Cooperation Initiative. The UN Group of Governmental Experts on Developments in the Field of Information and Telecommunications in the Context of International Security (UNGGE) decided that state sovereignty and international norms and principles that flow from sovereignty apply to the conduct by States of ICT-related activities and to their jurisdiction over ICT infrastructure within their territory. The IANA function stewardship transition process was completed successfully, heralding further progress in ICANN’s reform. All these factors have contributed to the joint efforts to ensure a greater stability and predictability of cyberspace for all parties, and to the global process of building a community of common destiny in cyberspace by all the countries.
一、互联网进一步普及，推动弥合数字鸿沟
I. The Internet is more accessible, helping bridge the digital divide.
●互联网基础设施建设成就显著。各国加快互联网基础设施建设，移动蜂窝网络已覆盖95%的人口。预计2016年底，全球固定宽带用户数将达到8.84亿，移动宽带用户数将达到36亿。发达国家和发展中国家分别有75%和50%的用户带宽达到10Mbps。截至2015年底，全球大多数发达国家、83个发展中国家和5个最不发达国家都已实现宽带委员会提出的价格可承受性目标。过去一年，全球IPv6增长翻番，有力支持未来基础设施的发展。
●The Internet infrastructure has expanded notably. Many countries boost up construction of the Internet infrastructure, and currently 95% of the global population resides in areas covered by mobile-cellular network. It is estimated that by the end of 2016, the World will see 884m fixed broadband users and 3.6b mobile broadband users. In developed and developing countries, 75% and 50% of users respectively enjoy a bandwidth of no lower than 10Mbps. By the end of 2015, most developed countries and as many as 83 developing countries, and 5 of the least developed countries had met the target of “making broadband affordable” set by the UN Broadband Commission for Sustainable Development. IPv6 has increased by around 100% over the past 12 months, poising to be a key enabler for future infrastructure expansion.
●信息通信技术领域保持创新活力。信息通信技术继续成为全球研发投入最集中、创新最活跃、应用最广泛、辐射带动最大的技术创新领域。2015年，在世界知识产权组织专利合作条约（PCT）框架内，计算机技术类、数字通信类和电子机械类专利申请数量位列前三。2016年美国麻省理工学院（MIT）发布的全球十大科技突破性技术中，涉及信息通信技术领域的占6项。
●The information and communications technology (ICT) sector maintained penchant for innovation. ICTs continued to be the technology sector with the greatest concentration of investment in R&D, the most vigorous innovation, the most extensive application and the largest positive spillover effects. In 2015, within the framework of the international Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT), computer engineering, digital communication and electronic machinery were the top three categories of patent application. In the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) list of the “10 Breakthrough Technologies of 2016”, six were related to ICTs.
●云计算、大数据、物联网等产业规模高速扩张。全球云计算市场规模预计2016年至2020年复合年增长率达22%，大数据市场规模预计从2015年的0.14万亿美元将增长到2020年的1.03万亿美元。随着“工业4.0”、“工业互联网”等概念的出现，对海量数据深度挖掘和专业分析、庞大计算能力等的需求，培育了新的市场，云计算、大数据、物联网技术三者结合，成为向各行业渗透的重要切入点。智慧城市项目全面启动，中国、印度、韩国、新加坡、美国等国均推出了智慧城市建设计划和项目。
●Industries such as cloud computing, big data and also the Internet of Things expanded rapidly. The global market for cloud computing is expected to grow 22% annually between 2016 and 2020, and that of big data would expand from US$140b in 2015 to US$1.03t in 2020. Behind the rise of this new market there have been concepts like “Industry 4.0”, “Industrial Internet”, the demand for in-depth exploration and professional analysis of massive data sets, as well as huge increases in computing power. The cumulative effect from massive employment of cloud computing, Big Data, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things has been seen across all the sectors. For example, Smart Cities are becoming a reality, with China, India, Republic of Korea, Singapore, the United States and other nations all unveiling plans and projects in this area.
●弥合数字鸿沟取得实质性进展。全球互联网用户保持增长，从2015年32亿提升至2016年35亿，互联网普及率达到47.1%，但仍有半数以上人口未使用过互联网。发达国家互联网用户普及率超过80%，而最不发达国家和地区网民数量（2.7亿）普及率仅为23.5%。金砖国家果阿峰会认为应采取多维度、包容性措施，致力于消除发达国家和发展中国家之间的数字和技术鸿沟。
●Tangible progress was made in bridging the digital divide. The number of Internet users worldwide continues to grow, increasing from 3.2b in 2015 to 3.5b in 2016; the average worldwide Internet penetration hits a 47.1% mark. However, more than half of the global population has been left out from the Internet. While developed nations enjoy a penetration rate well over 80%, the least developed combined have only 270m Internet users, with the penetration rate of a meager 23.5%. The BRICS Summit in Goa deemed it necessary to take multi-dimensional and inclusive measures to tackle the digital and technological divide between developed countries and developing countries.
二、网络文化繁荣发展，交流互鉴不断深化
II. Culture diversity on Internet thrives, and communication and exchanges continue to deepen.
●国际组织积极推动网络文化多样性。联合国通过的《2030年可持续发展议程》明确提出信息通信技术对保护文化创意和文化多样性的重要作用。WSIS十年审议决议提出要用数字技术保护和记录文化遗产。G20杭州峰会《数字经济发展与合作倡议》主张要通过网络空间繁荣文化，认可多语言原则的重要性。经济合作和发展组织（OECD）提出，将年轻人对全球性问题的理解以及对文化多元性和文化宽容的态度纳入“国际学生评估项目（PISA）”。
●International organizations actively promoted cultural diversity online. The UN’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development stressed the important role of ICTs in protecting cultural innovation and cultural diversity. In its resolution based on the 10-year review, the WSIS explicitly emphasized that digital technology should help protect and document cultural heritage. The G20 Digital Economy Development and Cooperation Initiative launched at the G20 Hangzhou Summit hold that cyberspace should facilitate the thriving of culture and recognized the imperative nature of fundamentals of multilingualism. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) included the task of raising the young generation’s awareness of global issues and their attitude toward cultural diversity and cultural tolerance into the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA).
●互联网对多语种的支持让更多文化内容得以展现。人类文化以数字化形式在网络空间持续繁荣，呈现多样化发展态势。2016年7月，联合国教科文组织启动“世界语言地图”项目，促进世界语言在互联网上的发展。互联网应用所能支持的语言种类已超过300种，网络的包容性让更多文化成果得以传承。多语种域名发展取得明显进展，包含保加利亚、印度等39个国家和地区提交申请的53个多语种国家和地区顶级域字符串通过ICANN评估流程，其中43个已入根。
●The compatibility for different languages on the Internet allows for more cultural content. In cyberspace, digitized human culture continues thriving and shows a diversified development trend. In July 2016, the UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) launched the Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger in a bid to promote the development of contents of different languages on the Internet. Internet applications featuring the support of over 300 languages support have been developed. The inclusive nature of the Internet allows for deepened inheritance of cultural achievements. The development of International Domain Names (IDN) showed remarkable progress. With additional strings from Bulgaria and India, ，Fifty-three IDN strings applied by 39 countries/territories, passed through ICANN’s IDN ccTLD string evaluation; Of these, 43 are delegated in the root zone.
●移动社交平台为不同文化群体的交流提供便利。移动社交平台对文化多样性的促进作用日益显现，2016年移动社交用户达24.4亿人，成为人们网络社交应用的主流。得益于人工智能技术，语音识别、翻译软件等应用取得显著发展，进一步便利了不同语言间的文化交流。
●Mobile social media platforms provide convenience of exchanges for diverse cultural communities. Mobile social media platforms play an increasingly important role in promoting cultural diversity. In 2016, the number of mobile social media users reached 2.44b. Mobile social media platforms have become a main venue for online social interactions. Empowered by the artificial intelligence, speech recognition, translation software and other applications unleash a previously unseen potential for collective thought and action cross cultural exchange.
三、数字经济持续发展，各方共享数字红利
III. The digital economy continues to expand, all parties share digital dividends.
●各国和地区加快发展数字经济。世界经济加速向以网络信息技术产业为重要内容的经济活动转变。在电子商务、金融科技、互联网媒体和数字物流等领域，创新型ICT企业和互联网初创企业正在创造新的商业模式。2015年以来，欧盟推动数字化单一市场建设。2016年，G20杭州峰会宣布将数字经济作为全球经济增长日益重要的驱动力；OECD召开的数字经济部长会议确认了数字化议程的四个关键政策领域。
●Many countries and regions accelerate advancement of the digital economy. The world economy is accelerating its shift toward economic activities grounded in the networked ICT industry. Innovative ICT enterprises and Internet startups create ingenious business models in eCommerce, Fintech, Online Media, and Digital Transportation etc. From 2015, the European Union (EU) has promoted the EU digital single market construction. In 2016, the G20 Hangzhou Summit announced that the digital economy will be an increasingly important driving force for global economic growth; and the OECD Ministerial Meeting on the Digital Economy confirmed four key policy areas of the digital agenda.
●电子商务快速发展。互联网推动更多跨境货物、服务贸易，使更多消费者和企业摆脱国家边界限制。据预测，2016年，全球电子商务零售市场规模将达1.9万亿美元，其中欧洲电商市场规模将达0.51万亿欧元，中国网络零售额将达0.8万亿美元。
●E-commerce is booming. The Internet promotes cross-border trade in goods and services, and enables more and more private consumers and enterprises to overcome jurisdictional boundaries. It is forecasted that in 2016, the global e-commerce retail market value will reach US$1.9t, with the European e-commerce market value accounting for 0.51t euros, and China’s online retail sales hitting a US$0.8t mark.
●数字红利有力支撑全球可持续发展。互联网通过消除信息障碍、优化要素配置等，降低了全社会的信息、交易成本，为实现联合国《2030年可持续发展议程》的目标提供有力支撑，使得边远地区、贫困家庭以及各类弱势群体的人们都有机会享受数字红利。
●Shared digital dividends form an important element of the global sustainable development process. The Internet, through eliminating information barriers and optimizing allocation of production factors, has reduced information and transaction costs and emerged as a major driving force in attaining the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development goals. The dividends have become increasingly available to all, including people from rural areas, poor families and the disadvantaged.
本文后续内容，请见今日发布的《2016年世界互联网发展乌镇报告（中英文对照版—下）》！
编辑：叶雪枫